[原创]1987年，中印之间一场鲜为人知的战争

张贵丁

1987年，中印之间一场鲜为人知的战争

印度军队已侵占我国领土达9.8万平房公里。它等于一个浙江省，两个半台湾，十个马尔维纳斯群岛。它蕴集着西藏地区半数以上的矿藏、森林和水资源……

上边这段话，是我在1986年为一部军事专题片所写的一段解说词。当时的中印边境局势紧张，局部冲突时有发生。印军这支记吃不记打的军队，1962年曾被我军打得连滚带爬撤回麦克马洪线以南，老实了几年后，又开始往前蹭，并在占领地建立所谓的阿鲁纳恰尔邦，致使边境局势进一步恶化，战事一触即发。

然而后来的几年又归于平静，国内依旧歌舞升平，好像什么都没发生过一样。

是政治家和外交家斡旋的结果吗？不是，领土争端靠打口水仗是靠不住的，最终还是应了毛泽东的那句话：战争解决问题。只不过，这是一场特殊形式的、大规模而又鲜为人知的战争。

对于这场战争，中国军方思斟良久。打不打？怎么打？似乎和当年打不打朝鲜战争一样难以下决心。

印度位于马拉雅山南麓，边境地区人烟稠密且一马平川，军队运送和后勤供给都十分便利；而我国疆域则主要位于喜马拉雅山北麓，千里雪域高原，一个兵在前边打，后边5个人都难以保障。而且此时的中国改革开放不久，万事待兴，一场战事打得国内经济倒退许多年，划算不划算？确实不好下决心。

中国人的思路是让人难以琢磨的，中国军方最后竟用一场绝妙的“战争”魔术，兵不血刃就把事儿给办了。战前，印军将领曾叫嚣：“你们中国除了XX军，谁也不是我们的对手！”那好，就让这支部队陪你们玩玩儿——

1987年初秋，一支装备精良的集团军以陆路、铁路和空运方式浩荡开向华东沂蒙山区。开进中的部队，就是25年前中印边界反击战的主力、美国军事评论员称之为印军“心理克星”的我原所在部队。

一时间沂蒙山区烟尘滚滚，钢铁洪流逶迤盘旋。大型运输机群呼啸降落潍坊军用机场，机腹下吐出蚁群般全副武装的士兵。潍坊地区的铁路货运场站，重型武器装备列成一条条绿色的长龙。

这是一场完全以印军为作战对象的实兵实装战役演习，参演部队包括数个摩托化步兵师和装甲兵、炮兵、高炮、工兵、防化等旅团，组建不久的电子对抗部队也列入其中。

巨大的作战指挥所半掩在地下，占其大部空间的观摩席上，坐着国内军事专家和国防大学高级学员班。巨幅作战璧图显示着战场态势，电报雪片般传来送去，参谋们指缝里夹着红、蓝、黑三支铅笔，一刻不停地在地图上标注着不同色泽的标号，除了高级首长，几乎无人说话。但每当战局发生变化和采取应对举措时，便会引来观摩席上“嗡嗡”的低声评议，尔后又是令人窒息的宁静。

对于我们参谋人员来说，印军不是陌生的对手。早在演习之前，司、政、后上下就开始了对印军的专项研究，从边境地形、战史战例，到印军编制、装备和战法，逐一研究背记，甚至连印军一日三餐吃什么，都了然在心。

印军当然也不敢马虎。据说印度不惜重金购买卫星情报来监视这场演习。演习还未结束，印军就从边境匆匆后撤了。后来的情况，一如毛泽东当年所预言：“中印边境不安定，但中印边界打上一仗，就可以争取十年左右的边境安定”。

与62年那场战争相比，那次是“战争解决问题”，这次则是“不战而屈人之兵”，效果一样，方法不同，后者倒是更省钱省事。

二十年以后的中印边境又是什么情形了？久离部队，无从知晓，也不想知道。知道了，恐怕又要睡不着了。

指挥所局部

笔者在演习中

连续几天没睡觉没洗澡，胡子没时间刮，帽沿积满汗渍。

仗打完了，痛快洗澡睡觉，又到孟良崮上照了这张相。

张贵丁博客链接 张贵丁2009年6月

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awei

呵呵 楼主说的是879演习，我团当时接待的是各个集团军的领导，而且临时也充当了直升机场。

怒火万丈

说句不客气的话：可惜啊，阿***邦还是成立了，基本上宣告了“纸老虎”策略的破产。

有老兵曾回忆，1974年中国还曾有直接军援东巴的计划，只是由于东巴败的太快，只得作罢（现在印度媒体还说巴基斯坦没亡国是由于中国军队74年插手的缘故）。如果中国军援东巴得手，恐怕领土上吃亏的不是中国而是印度了。

张贵丁

今天看到，我自己拍的照片，用在自己原创的博文上，怎么就被新浪锁闭了！？真是气愤。

西北望

54军的这次演习和成都军区的874演习是一个系列的，不过成都军区的874演习还出动了空军，一个歼7分队紧急入藏。说起战争二字，54军的不过是演习，成都军区以演习为名的反蚕食斗争跟接近于实战。

怒火万丈

关于领土问题，多话不说了看看这篇博文吧

http://hi.baidu.com/songxidong/blog/item/1f85c618d34ed1b74aedbcb1.html

我国真要裁军，最不该裁的就是野战军！

［此帖子已被 怒火万丈 在 2009-6-20 13:35:55 编辑过］

湖南骡子

1987年时中印边境的确已经达到了一触即发的战争临界状态，别说第54集团军了，甚至连在前线与越军作战的部队都接到了准备换防调往中印边境的命令。领土问题，政治途径只能是辅助的，根本上还得靠军事手段。通过谈判让俄罗斯吐出一半黑瞎子岛、让吉尔吉斯等国还回小部分领土只能算是特例而不能成为普遍的解决方式——比如哈萨克斯坦的“苹果之城”阿拉木图，清朝时被沙俄侵占，哈萨克人怎会心甘情愿还回阿拉木图？毕竟那是他们的旧都。而对印度这样的狼子野心之国就更不可能指望通过谈判来解决藏南问题了，藏南地区的领土面积可是九万多平方公里，非军事手段是绝对不可能让印度吐出已经占据多年的地盘的，何况印度的军事实力虽然不算特强，但比起中亚几国来讲还是有点本钱的。印度吞并锡金、灭东巴基斯坦、傀儡操纵不丹等国，这样的恶霸绝对不是什么善茬，中国人有句俗话叫“人心不足蛇吞象”，而印度的野心则是“象吞鲸”。

［此帖子已被 湖南骡子 在 2009-6-20 16:23:27 编辑过］

［此帖子已被 湖南骡子 在 2009-6-20 18:06:41 编辑过］

湖南骡子

以下为印度与不丹1949年签订的所谓《永久友好条约》的文本，印度是个什么样的国家，看其内容便知。虽然这条约2007年经过了修订，删去了部分对不丹的歧视性条款，但那也只是口头上如此。比如07新约不再提原来第2条里的“不丹政府同意其对外关系应接受印度政府意见的指导”，可实际呢？谁相信？不丹是联合国唯一一个没有与中华人民共和国建立外交关系也没有与台湾当局建立外交关系的成员国，这背后的原因，呵呵。

Treaty of Friendship between India and Bhutan

THE Government of India on the one part and His Highness the Druk Gyalpo's Government on the other part, equally animated by the desire to regulate in a friendly manner and upon a solid and durable basis the stage of affairs caused by the termination of the British Government's authority in India. and to promote and foster the relations of friendship and neighbourliness so necessary for the well-being of their peoples. have resolved to conclude the following treaty, and have, for this purpose named their representatives.

[Here follow the names]
ARTICLE 1

There shall he perpetual peace and friendship between the Government of India and the Government of Bhutan.
ARTICLE 2

The Government of India undertakes to exercise no interference in the internal administration of Bhutan. On its part the Government of Bhutan agrees to be guided by the advice of the Government of India in regard to its external relations.
ARTICLE 3

In place of the compensation granted to the Government of Bhutan under Article 4 of the treaty of Sinchula and enhanced by the Treaty of the 8th day of January 1910 and the temporary subsidy of Rupees one lakh per annum granted in 1942, the Government of India agrees to make an annual payment of Rupees five lakhs to the Government of Bhutan. And it is further hereby agreed that the said annual payment shall be made on the day of January every year, the first payment being made on the 10th day of January, 1950. This payment shall continue to long as this treaty remains in force and its terms arc duly observed.
ARTICLE 4

Further to mark the friendship existing and continuing between the said Governments, the Government of India shall. within one year from the date of signature of this treaty, return to the Government of Bhutan about 32 square miles of territory in the area known as Dewangiri. The Government of India shall appoint a competent officer or officers to mark out the area so returned to the Government of Bhutan.
ARTICLE 5

There shall, as heretofore, be free trade and commerce between the territories of the Government of India and of the Government of Bhutan; and the Government of India agrees to grant the Government of Bhutan every facility for the carriage, by land and water, of its produce throughout the territory of the Government of India, including the right to use such forest roads as may be specified by mutual agreement from time to time.
ARTICLE 6

The Government of India agrees that the Government of Bhutan shall be free to import with the assistance and approval of the Government of India, from or through India into Bhutan, whatever arms, ammunition, machinery, warlike material or stores may be required or desired for the strength and welfare of Bhutan, and that this arrangement shall hold good for all time as long as the Government of India is satisfied that the intentions of the Government of Bhutan are friendly and that there Is no danger to India from such importations. The Government Of Bhutan. On the other hand, agrees that there shall he no export of such arms, ammunition etc., across the frontier of Bhutan either by the Government of Bhutan or by private Individuals.
ARTICLE 7

The Government of India and the Government of Bhutan agree that Bhutanese subjects residing in Indian territories shall have equal justice with Indian subjects, and that Indian subjects residing in Bhutan shall have equal Justice with the subjects of the Government of Bhutan.
ARTICLE 8

(1)The Government of Indian shall. on demand being duly made in writing by tile Government of Bhutan, take proceedings in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Extradition Act. 19031 (of which a copy shall be furnished to the Government of Bhutan), for the surrender of all Bhutanese subjects accused of any of the crimes specified in the first schedule of the said Act who may take refuge in Indian territory.

(2)The Government of Bhutan shall. on requisition being duly made by the Government of India. or by any officer authorised by file Government of India in this behalf, surrender any Indian subjects. or subjects of a foreign power. whose extradition may be required in pursuance of any agreement or arrangements made by the Government of India with the said power, accused of any of the crimes, specified in the first schedule of Act XV of 1903. who may take refuge in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Government of Bhutan. and also any Bhutanese subjects who, after committing any of the crimes referred to in Indian territory shall flee into Bhutan. on such evidence of their guilt being produced an shall satisfy the local court of the district in which the offence may have been committed.
ARTICLE 9

Arty differences avid disputes arising in the application or interpretation of this treaty shall in the first instance be settled by negotiation. If within three months of the start of negotiations no settlement in arrived at, then the matter shall be referred to the arbitration of three arbitrators, who shall be nationals of either India or Bhutan, chosen in the following manner:-

(1)One Person nominated by the Government of India

(2)One person nominated by the Government of Bhutan;

(3)A Judge of the Federal Court, or of a High court in India. to be chosen by the Government of Bhutan, who shall be chairman.

The judgment of this tribunal shall be final and executed without delay by either party.
ARTICLE 10

This treaty shall continue in force in perpetuity unless terminated or modified by mutual consent.

Done in Duplicate at Darjeeling this 8th day of August, 1949, corresponding with the Bhutanese date the 15th day of the 6th month of the Earth-Bull year.

For the Government of India:

HARISHWAR DAYAL, Political Officer in Sikkim.

For the Government of H. H. the Maharaja of Bhutan:

DEB ZIMPON SONAM TOBGVE DORJI YANG-LOP SONAM CHHO-ZIM THONDUP RIN-ZIM TANDIN HA DRUNG JIGMIE PALDEN DORJI

［此帖子已被 湖南骡子 在 2009-6-20 16:18:13 编辑过］

怒火万丈

湖南兄，有关俄侵占我国新疆领土的情况（主要是左宗棠平叛之后）和印度在藏南驻军移民情况，能再详细的说说吗？

如果不方便在论坛里说，我已经PM我的msn了

［此帖子已被 怒火万丈 在 2009-6-20 16:42:52 编辑过］

hjf1390

东巴完全被印度领土和海洋所环抱，不具备陆地援助通道；海路和港口遭印度海空两军攻击和封锁，丧失了接收外援的条件。一旦开战东巴就外援断绝，只有凭自身积蓄顶下去。可东巴比印度小得多，拼消耗是毫无胜算的。东西两巴都无以色列那种强悍不能打痛印度阻止它的野心，所以最弱最孤立的东巴败军亡国毫不意外。

中国军援东巴得手让印度反吃亏，是毫无根据之说。71年的中国海空军不具备在印度洋与印度海空军作战打破封锁线的实力（现在也没有），中国只有出动陆军攻击印度后背才可阻止印度灭东巴的野心，但中国不想做那么大牺牲，因为那块地盘无论是叫西巴还是叫孟加拉对中国来说都一样。

不过中国没有打出伸张正义反侵略的旗号趁东南亚混乱和印军主力攻巴空虚之时选取方便地点攻击和进占有争议的“中国领土”，可惜了。那时候全世界的注意力都集中在东巴国的生死存亡上，对中印那点土地纠纷根本就顾不上，并且印度当时难获国际同情和支援（全世界都知道只有印灭东巴的实力，东巴无威胁印度的实力，印度是在打侵略性战争）。那时候中国进占中印争议领土乃是国际关注和压力最低的时候，东巴灭国后将再无这样的历史机会。

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